<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr><td height="14"></td></tr> <tr align="center" valign="middle"> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_76.html"><img src="thumbnails/s76.jpg" width="151" height="180" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Test v. theory for five specimens with the same axial wavelength of manufactured axisymmetric sinusoidal imperfections with various amplitudes"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_77.html"><img src="thumbnails/s77.jpg" width="180" height="168" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Buckling of axisymmetrically imperfect cylindrical shells with normalized imperfection amplitude = 0.047 and various imperfection axial wavelengths"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_78.html"><img src="thumbnails/s78.jpg" width="166" height="180" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Spun cast cylindrical shell with intentionally manufactured non-axisymmetric imperfection pattern"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_79.html"><img src="thumbnails/s79.jpg" width="180" height="101" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Buckling of a nonsymmetrically imperfect axially compressed photoelastic cylindrical shell from high-speed photography of 45 deg. isoclinics"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_80.html"><img src="thumbnails/s80.jpg" width="180" height="101" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Near-perfect (middle), axisymmetrically imperfect (left) and non-axisymmetrically imperfect (right) cylindrical shells"></a></td> </tr> <tr><td height="5"></td></tr> <tr align="center" valign="top"> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Test v. theory for five specimens with the same axial wavelength of manufactured axisymmetric sinusoidal imperfections with various amplitudes</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Buckling of axisymmetrically imperfect cylindrical shells with normalized imperfection amplitude = 0.047 and various imperfection axial wavelengths</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Spun cast cylindrical shell with intentionally manufactured non-axisymmetric imperfection pattern</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Buckling of a nonsymmetrically imperfect axially compressed photoelastic cylindrical shell from high-speed photography of 45 deg. isoclinics</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Near-perfect (middle), axisymmetrically imperfect (left) and non-axisymmetrically imperfect (right) cylindrical shells</small></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr><td height="14"></td></tr> <tr><td height="14"></td></tr> <tr align="center" valign="middle"> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_81.html"><img src="thumbnails/s81.jpg" width="180" height="170" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Oval photoelastic cylindrical shell with intentionally manufactured "axisymmetric" initial imperfection"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_82.html"><img src="thumbnails/s82.jpg" width="180" height="164" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Elastic and plastic buckling of an axially compressed cylindrical shell"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_83.html"><img src="thumbnails/s83.jpg" width="148" height="180" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="High-speed film of dynamic buckling of a thin cylindrical shell under axial impact"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_84.html"><img src="thumbnails/s84.jpg" width="180" height="132" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Buckling of a cylindrical shell under torsion"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_85.html"><img src="thumbnails/s85.jpg" width="122" height="180" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Buckled cylindrical shell installed in Yamaki's test rig"></a></td> </tr> <tr><td height="5"></td></tr> <tr align="center" valign="top"> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Oval photoelastic cylindrical shell with intentionally manufactured "axisymmetric" initial imperfection</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Elastic and plastic buckling of an axially compressed cylindrical shell</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">High-speed film of dynamic buckling of a thin cylindrical shell under axial impact</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Buckling of a cylindrical shell under torsion</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Buckled cylindrical shell installed in Yamaki's test rig</small></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr><td height="14"></td></tr> <tr><td height="14"></td></tr> <tr align="center" valign="middle"> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_86.html"><img src="thumbnails/s86.jpg" width="180" height="128" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Buckled short cylindrical shell under torsion"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_87.html"><img src="thumbnails/s87.jpg" width="180" height="128" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Buckled longer cylindrical shell under torsion"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_88.html"><img src="thumbnails/s88.jpg" width="180" height="135" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Deep post-buckling of skin of cylindrical shell with widely spaced stiffeners; loading=torque: from test (left); from finite element model (right)"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_89.html"><img src="thumbnails/s89.jpg" width="180" height="143" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="Post-buckling of skin of cylindrical shell with widely spaced rings and stringers; loading=torque: from test (left); from finite element model (right)"></a></td> <td width="208"><a href="pages/page_90.html"><img src="thumbnails/s90.jpg" width="180" height="177" border="0" hspace="14" vspace="0" alt="A typical imperfection shape (greatly exaggerated) in a STAGS finite element model of a thin cylindrical shell"></a></td> </tr> <tr><td height="5"></td></tr> <tr align="center" valign="top"> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Buckled short cylindrical shell under torsion</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Buckled longer cylindrical shell under torsion</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Deep post-buckling of skin of cylindrical shell with widely spaced stiffeners; loading=torque: from test (left); from finite element model (right)</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">Post-buckling of skin of cylindrical shell with widely spaced rings and stringers; loading=torque: from test (left); from finite element model (right)</small></td></tr></table></td> <td width="208"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"><tr><td align="center"><small class="title">A typical imperfection shape (greatly exaggerated) in a STAGS finite element model of a thin cylindrical shell</small></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr><td height="14"></td></tr> </table>

unstiffened cylindrical shells

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Sunday, December 27, 2020